ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
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Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $27 | Benefits minus costs | ($4,294) | |||
Participants | $238 | Benefit to cost ratio | ($0.38) | |||
Others | $138 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($1,593) | benefits greater than the costs | 1% | |||
Total benefits | ($1,191) | |||||
Net program cost | ($3,103) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | ($4,294) | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Remedial credits earned^ Course credit earned in courses that are below college level. Also called developmental credits or basic skills credits, these often do not count toward graduation requirements. |
26 | 1 | 505 | 0.250 | 0.481 | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.250 | 0.603 | |
Graduate with any degree^ Graduate with a degree from either a 2-year or 4-year higher education institution. |
26 | 3 | 2036 | 0.055 | 0.053 | 29 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.055 | 0.305 | |
College grade point average^ Grade point average in a higher education institution. |
26 | 1 | 366 | 0.148 | 0.483 | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.148 | 0.759 | |
Persistence into 2nd year Completion of the first year and re-enrollment in the second year of higher education in a 2- or 4-year institution. |
26 | 3 | 2036 | 0.052 | 0.046 | 27 | 0.052 | 0.046 | 27 | 0.052 | 0.259 | |
Persistence into 3rd year Completion of the second year and enrollment into a third year of higher education in a 2- or 4-year institution. |
26 | 2 | 1425 | -0.001 | 0.102 | 28 | -0.001 | 0.102 | 28 | -0.001 | 0.992 | |
Persistence into 4th year^^ Completion of the third year and enrollment into a fourth year of higher education in a 2- or 4-year institution. |
26 | 1 | 751 | 0.054 | 0.063 | 29 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.054 | 0.387 | |
Persistence into 5th year^^ Completion of a fourth year and enrollment into a fifth year of higher education in a 2- or 4-year institution. |
26 | 1 | 751 | 0.136 | 0.065 | 30 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.136 | 0.035 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Persistence into 2nd year | Labor market earnings associated with higher education | $111 | $261 | $138 | $0 | $510 |
Costs of higher education | ($84) | ($24) | $0 | ($42) | ($150) | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($1,551) | ($1,551) |
Totals | $27 | $238 | $138 | ($1,593) | ($1,191) | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $2,019 | 2015 | Present value of net program costs (in 2022 dollars) | ($3,103) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2015 | Cost range (+ or -) | 20% |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Mayer, A.K., Patel, R., Rudd, T., & Ratledge, A. (2015). Designing scholarships to improve college success: Final report on the Performance-Based Scholarship Demonstration. New York, NY: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.
Richburg-Hayes, L., Brock, T., LeBlanc, A., Paxson, C., Rouse, C.E., & Barrow, L. (2009). Rewarding persistence: Effects of a performance-based scholarship program for low-Income parents. New York, NY: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.