ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $3,086 | Benefits minus costs | $3,888 | |||
Participants | $6,900 | Benefit to cost ratio | $1.94 | |||
Others | $36 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($1,992) | benefits greater than the costs | 84% | |||
Total benefits | $8,030 | |||||
Net program cost | ($4,142) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $3,888 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Effect sizes (ES) and standard errors (SE) used in the benefit-cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Crime^^ Any criminal conviction according to court records, sometimes measured through charges, arrests, incarceration, or self-report. |
46 | 1 | 36 | 0.000 | 0.243 | 46 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.000 | 1.000 | |
Employment Any employment, including part-time work. |
46 | 1 | 78 | 0.386 | 0.133 | 46 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 47 | 0.386 | 0.004 | |
Global functioning^ How well individuals (typically those who are developmentally disabled or seriously mentally ill) have adapted to activities of daily living. |
46 | 1 | 78 | 0.685 | 0.135 | 46 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.685 | 0.001 | |
Hospitalization (psychiatric) Admission to a psychiatric ward or hospital. |
46 | 7 | 2191 | -0.064 | 0.123 | 46 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 47 | -0.064 | 0.604 | |
Homelessness^ A lack of stable housing, often measured through self-report of conditions like living on streets or in shelters in a given time period. |
46 | 1 | 36 | -0.138 | 0.243 | 46 | n/a | n/a | n/a | -0.138 | 0.569 | |
Psychiatric symptoms^ Mental health symptoms (such as symptoms of psychosis) in individuals with serious mental illness, measured on a validated scale. |
46 | 3 | 274 | 0.044 | 0.080 | 46 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.044 | 0.552 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Employment | Labor market earnings | $2,928 | $6,898 | $0 | $0 | $9,826 |
Hospitalization (psychiatric) | Health care associated with psychiatric hospitalization | $158 | $2 | $36 | $79 | $275 |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($2,071) | ($2,071) |
Totals | $3,086 | $6,900 | $36 | ($1,992) | $8,030 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $1,842 | 2011 | Present value of net program costs (in 2022 dollars) | ($4,142) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2011 | Cost range (+ or -) | 10% |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
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