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Washington State Institute for Public Policy

Benefit-Cost Results

In December 2024, WSIPP will begin archiving certain programs based on the date of their last review since we have not had the opportunity to review these programs in at least ten years. Benefit-cost updates for most other programs will be published in December.

Since the 1990s, the Washington State legislature has directed WSIPP to identify “evidence-based” policies. The goal is to provide Washington policymakers and budget writers with a list of well-researched public policies that can, with a high degree of certainty, lead to better statewide outcomes coupled with a more efficient use of taxpayer dollars.

Research Approach. WSIPP has developed a three-step process to draw conclusions about what works and what does not to achieve particular outcomes of legislative interest. First, we systematically assess all high-quality studies from the United States and elsewhere to identify policy options that have been tested and found to achieve improvements in outcomes. Second, we determine how much it would cost Washington taxpayers to produce the results found in Step 1, and calculate how much it would be worth to people in Washington State to achieve the improved outcome. That is, in dollars and cents terms, we compare the benefits and costs of each policy option. It is important to note that the benefit-cost estimates pertain specifically to Washington State; results will vary from state to state. Third, we assess the risk in the estimates to determine the odds that a particular policy option will at least break even. ...show more

WSIPP acknowledges the MacArthur Foundation and the Pew Charitable Trusts that have helped fund some of the research reported on this page.

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Overview of WSIPP's Benefit-Cost Model

Estimating Program Effects Using Effect Sizes

For details on our benefit-cost methods, contact Heather Grob or download our Technical Documentation.

Latest Results. The tables on this webpage present our current findings for a variety of public policy topics. Items on these tables are updated periodically as new information becomes available. Interested readers can find more information by clicking each entry in the tables.

Use the search fields below to find specific benefit-cost results that match certain criteria. If you want to find other information on our website that is not benefit-cost results, you can use the search field in the navigation bar at the top, or click here to search the entire website.

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Benefit-cost methods last updated December 2023

Open all programs PDF

Current estimates replace old estimates. Numbers will change over time as a result of model inputs and monetization methods.

Juvenile Justice

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Juvenile Justice, contact Paige Wanner.
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Mar. 2019 $165,893 $38,110 $127,782 ($8,857) $157,036 $18.73 100%
Jun. 2019 $55,193 $11,616 $43,577 ($1,693) $53,499 $32.59 93%
Jul. 2019 $19,243 $968 $18,276 $29,097 $48,340 n/a 100%
Jul. 2019 $45,682 $11,923 $33,759 ($3,355) $42,327 $13.62 92%
Jul. 2019 $35,164 $8,525 $26,639 $3,101 $38,265 n/a 100%
Jun. 2019 $45,436 $12,815 $32,620 ($10,555) $34,880 $4.30 90%
Aug. 2017 $40,269 $9,568 $30,701 ($5,556) $34,714 $7.25 99%
Jun. 2019 $37,247 $8,461 $28,787 ($3,973) $33,274 $9.37 94%
Aug. 2017 $32,531 $7,153 $25,377 ($3,826) $28,705 $8.50 71%
Feb. 2019 $27,613 $7,086 $20,526 ($1,554) $26,059 $17.77 82%
Jun. 2019 $25,459 $6,540 $18,919 $395 $25,854 n/a 100%
Feb. 2019 $28,630 $7,868 $20,762 ($3,411) $25,219 $8.39 99%
Mar. 2019 $29,441 $7,707 $21,734 ($5,557) $23,884 $5.30 88%
Jun. 2019 $24,930 $7,257 $17,673 ($3,064) $21,867 $8.14 85%
May. 2019 $28,562 $8,069 $20,493 ($9,486) $19,076 $3.01 99%
Jul. 2019 $18,495 $4,023 $14,472 ($352) $18,144 $52.60 70%
Aug. 2019 $20,889 $5,156 $15,733 ($4,636) $16,253 $4.51 74%
May. 2019 $12,186 $3,025 $9,161 $1,448 $13,634 n/a 85%
May. 2019 $9,420 $2,248 $7,172 $1,799 $11,219 n/a 99%
May. 2019 $25,668 $9,459 $16,210 ($16,566) $9,102 $1.55 59%
Jul. 2019 $10,451 $2,964 $7,486 ($2,513) $7,938 $4.16 82%
May. 2019 $6,196 $1,477 $4,719 $1,431 $7,628 n/a 100%
Apr. 2018 $2,164 $106 $2,058 $3,374 $5,539 n/a 61%
May. 2019 $15,134 $5,008 $10,126 ($9,605) $5,529 $1.58 59%
Feb. 2019 $5,667 $1,637 $4,030 ($494) $5,172 $11.46 95%
Jul. 2019 $3,144 $817 $2,328 ($59) $3,086 $53.55 65%
Aug. 2019 $1,925 $368 $1,557 $1,099 $3,024 n/a 78%
Feb. 2019 $16,496 $5,089 $11,407 ($14,083) $2,413 $1.17 53%
Mar. 2019 $3,065 $970 $2,095 ($1,820) $1,245 $1.68 57%
Aug. 2017 $1,358 $701 $657 ($2,482) ($1,123) $0.55 48%
May. 2019 ($544) $8 ($551) ($1,144) ($1,688) ($0.48) 33%
Aug. 2017 $1,201 $1,010 $191 ($3,508) ($2,306) $0.34 44%
Jul. 2019 ($2,312) ($558) ($1,754) ($166) ($2,478) ($13.96) 41%
Jul. 2019 ($1,756) ($202) ($1,553) ($938) ($2,693) ($1.87) 44%
Jun. 2023 $1,563 $974 $588 ($4,574) ($3,011) $0.34 41%
Jul. 2019 ($3,245) ($781) ($2,464) ($593) ($3,839) ($5.47) 29%
Jun. 2019 ($2,842) ($480) ($2,362) ($1,889) ($4,731) ($1.50) 23%
Jun. 2019 $16,856 $8,685 $8,172 ($28,652) ($11,795) $0.59 24%
May. 2019 ($16,934) ($4,253) ($12,681) ($351) ($17,284) ($48.28) 2%
Jul. 2019 ($12,959) ($2,278) ($10,681) ($5,465) ($18,424) ($2.37) 5%
Apr. 2019 ($20,005) ($5,136) ($14,870) ($32) ($20,037) ($629.90) 3%
Jul. 2019 ($16,130) ($2,848) ($13,282) ($11,545) ($27,675) ($1.40) 2%
To view details of all Juvenile Justice programs in a single pdf, click here.

Other Juvenile Justice topics reviewed; benefit-cost results not yet available:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
Adolescent Diversion Project (ADP) (vs. simple release)
Jun. 2019 Click for meta-analytic results
Aggression Replacement Training (ART) for youth in state institutions
Jun. 2019 Click for meta-analytic results
Equipping Youth to Help Each Other (EQUIP) for youth in state institutions
Jun. 2019 Click for meta-analytic results
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) for post-release youth convicted of a sex offense
Jul. 2019 Click for meta-analytic results
Canine training programs for youth in state institutions
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Comprehensive Homicide Initiative
Feb. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Connections Wraparound for court-involved youth
Jun. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for substance use disorder: Integrated Treatment Model for youth in state institutions
Jun. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Electronic monitoring for court-involved/post-release youth
Jun. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Gang Reduction Program (Los Angeles, CA)
May. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Gang Reduction Program (Richmond, VA)
May. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Girls Only Active Learning (GOAL)
Jun. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Group homes (Sanctuary Model) for youth in state institutions
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI)
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Project Broader Urban Involvement and Leadership Development (Project BUILD) for youth in state institutions
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
The Missouri Approach (Missouri Model) for youth in state institutions
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET) for youth involved in the juvenile justice system
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Wayne County (Michigan) Second Chance Reentry Program
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
You Are Not Your Past
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Youth Advocate Programs—Mentoring
Aug. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Wilderness adventure therapy for court-involved youth UPDATED
Dec. 2021 No rigorous evaluations measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Adult Criminal Justice

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Adult Criminal Justice, contact Paige Wanner.
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Aug. 2016 $54,897 $15,844 $39,053 ($2,870) $52,027 $19.13 88%
Apr. 2012 $82,217 $28,096 $54,121 ($43,165) $39,053 $1.90 97%
Nov. 2016 $33,675 $8,172 $25,503 ($4,610) $29,065 $7.30 93%
Jul. 2016 $29,083 $7,931 $21,152 ($1,473) $27,609 $19.74 100%
Nov. 2016 $26,775 $7,963 $18,812 ($1,919) $24,856 $13.95 99%
Jul. 2016 $21,052 $5,833 $15,220 ($1,764) $19,289 $11.94 97%
Nov. 2016 $17,692 $5,149 $12,543 $449 $18,142 n/a 99%
Dec. 2014 $16,302 $4,606 $11,695 $1,343 $17,644 n/a 93%
Oct. 2016 $20,319 $5,889 $14,430 ($3,653) $16,665 $5.56 95%
Dec. 2016 $15,565 $4,605 $10,960 ($958) $14,607 $16.25 100%
Aug. 2016 $19,925 $6,070 $13,855 ($5,803) $14,122 $3.43 95%
Nov. 2016 $15,410 $4,299 $11,110 ($1,521) $13,889 $10.13 98%
Nov. 2016 $19,495 $5,774 $13,720 ($6,007) $13,488 $3.25 65%
Jul. 2016 $14,198 $3,971 $10,227 ($1,473) $12,725 $9.64 97%
Nov. 2016 $14,609 $4,469 $10,141 ($1,919) $12,690 $7.61 70%
Nov. 2016 $12,407 $3,416 $8,991 ($883) $11,524 $14.05 99%
Nov. 2016 $12,165 $3,622 $8,544 ($907) $11,259 $13.42 100%
Dec. 2014 $9,720 $2,405 $7,314 $1,343 $11,062 n/a 100%
Jan. 2017 $10,854 $2,989 $7,865 $80 $10,934 n/a 65%
Nov. 2016 $13,193 $3,502 $9,691 ($2,593) $10,600 $5.09 65%
Aug. 2016 $16,371 $5,746 $10,625 ($5,803) $10,567 $2.82 100%
Aug. 2016 $26,901 $9,581 $17,320 ($17,092) $9,809 $1.57 90%
Dec. 2016 $11,238 $3,454 $7,784 ($1,617) $9,621 $6.95 98%
Dec. 2016 $10,382 $3,209 $7,173 ($1,646) $8,736 $6.31 98%
Nov. 2016 $12,056 $3,624 $8,432 ($4,462) $7,594 $2.70 59%
Nov. 2016 $7,397 $1,844 $5,554 ($454) $6,943 $16.29 58%
Jul. 2016 $7,256 $2,005 $5,251 ($572) $6,684 $12.68 100%
Aug. 2016 $8,965 $2,912 $6,053 ($2,365) $6,600 $3.79 92%
Jul. 2016 $5,020 $1,256 $3,765 $593 $5,614 n/a 99%
Mar. 2017 $4,606 $1,311 $3,296 $654 $5,261 n/a 86%
Aug. 2016 $11,102 $4,164 $6,938 ($6,326) $4,776 $1.76 59%
Oct. 2016 $9,283 $3,341 $5,942 ($4,694) $4,589 $1.98 76%
Jan. 2017 $4,668 $1,383 $3,285 ($2,851) $1,817 $1.64 61%
Jan. 2017 $6,972 $2,111 $4,860 ($5,393) $1,578 $1.29 62%
Feb. 2017 $2,677 $1,020 $1,657 ($1,307) $1,371 $2.05 57%
Mar. 2017 $340 ($68) $408 $813 $1,153 n/a 50%
Dec. 2016 $490 $159 $331 ($126) $364 $3.88 53%
Aug. 2016 $1,478 $757 $722 ($2,317) ($839) $0.64 42%
Nov. 2016 ($2,175) ($447) ($1,728) ($413) ($2,588) ($5.27) 33%
Nov. 2016 ($1,812) ($130) ($1,682) ($1,049) ($2,861) ($1.73) 47%
Dec. 2016 ($1,916) ($330) ($1,586) ($1,350) ($3,267) ($1.42) 34%
Aug. 2016 $5,156 $2,996 $2,160 ($9,242) ($4,086) $0.56 19%
Aug. 2014 ($2,510) ($475) ($2,035) ($1,708) ($4,219) ($1.47) 24%
Dec. 2016 ($447) $677 ($1,124) ($5,986) ($6,434) ($0.07) 28%
Aug. 2016 $1,326 $2,336 ($1,010) ($13,626) ($12,300) $0.10 2%
Aug. 2016 ($7,085) ($570) ($6,515) ($9,880) ($16,964) ($0.72) 0%
Mar. 2017 ($15,343) ($2,213) ($13,130) ($5,633) ($20,976) ($2.72) 24%
Mar. 2021 ($3,226) $1,233 ($4,460) ($19,488) ($22,714) ($0.17) 0%
Apr. 2021 ($10,308) $223 ($10,532) ($21,912) ($32,220) ($0.47) 0%
Policy
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Oct. 2013 ($5,064) ($994) ($4,070) $6,929 $1,865 n/a 68%
Oct. 2013 ($17,898) ($2,864) ($15,033) $6,929 ($10,968) n/a 9%
Oct. 2013 ($38,355) ($5,526) ($32,829) $6,929 ($31,426) n/a 0%
Police (results per-officer)
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Oct. 2013 $605,028 $78,568 $526,460 ($113,796) $491,232 $5.32 100%
Oct. 2013 $526,669 $67,862 $458,806 ($108,377) $418,292 $4.86 100%
To view details of all Adult Criminal Justice programs in a single pdf, click here.

Other Adult Criminal Justice topics reviewed; benefit-cost results not yet available:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
Buprenorphine for opioid use disorder for adults post-release
Mar. 2021 Click for meta-analytic results
Civil legal aid
Mar. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Day fines
Feb. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Deferred prosecution of DUI offenses
Mar. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Dialectical behavior therapy
Sep. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Domestic violence perpetrator treatment (Non-Duluth models)
Aug. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Ignition interlock devices for alcohol-related offenses
Mar. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Legal financial obligation repayment interventions
Jan. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Mandatory arrest for domestic violence NEW
Jun. 2022 Click for meta-analytic results
Parenting programs (for incarcerated parents)
Aug. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Revocation reduction programs
Mar. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Therapeutic communities for individuals with personality disorders
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Banning criminal record check boxes in hiring
Nov. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Cautioning for cannabis offenses
Mar. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Child support barriers
Mar. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Mentoring programs
Mar. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Pretrial detention
Feb. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Project Sentry
Mar. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
State ID provision
Mar. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Veteran's courts
Jul. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Child Welfare

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Child Welfare, contact Rebecca Goodvin.
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Aug. 2017 $33,584 $12,319 $21,265 ($1,931) $31,652 $17.39 95%
Aug. 2017 $21,081 $11,704 $9,377 ($4,109) $16,971 $5.13 96%
Aug. 2017 $6,949 $1,511 $5,438 $4,271 $11,220 n/a 99%
Aug. 2017 $5,222 $1,993 $3,229 ($218) $5,004 $23.94 93%
Nov. 2018 $2,381 $863 $1,519 ($287) $2,095 $8.31 85%
Apr. 2012 $1,821 $574 $1,247 $0 $1,821 n/a 90%
Jun. 2021 $993 $897 $96 ($1,542) ($549) $0.64 47%
Aug. 2017 ($5,870) ($1,311) ($4,559) ($3,775) ($9,645) ($1.55) 0%
Aug. 2017 ($8,170) ($1,942) ($6,227) ($6,494) ($14,664) ($1.26) 9%
Jul. 2019 ($4,754) $366 ($5,121) ($11,545) ($16,300) ($0.41) 6%
To view details of all Child Welfare programs in a single pdf, click here.

Other Child Welfare topics reviewed; benefit-cost results not yet available:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up
Nov. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Family Team Decision-Making
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Fostering Healthy Futures
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Functional Family Therapy—Child Welfare (FFT-CW)
Sep. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Locating family connections for children in foster care
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Multisystemic Therapy (MST) for child abuse and neglect
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Project KEEP
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Structured Decision Making Risk Assessment
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Alternatives for Families (AF-CBT)
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Circle of Security
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Including Fathers—Father Engagement Program
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Kaleidoscope Play and Learn
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
King County Family Treatment Court
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Kinship care compared to traditional (non-kin) foster care
Sep. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Parent Mentor Program
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Parents and Children Together (PACT)
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Parents for Parents
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Partners with Families and Children
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Pathway to Reunification
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Safe Babies, Safe Moms
Aug. 2017 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Pre-K to 12 Education

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Pre-K to 12 Education, contact Julia Cramer.
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Apr. 2018 $50,997 $11,673 $39,324 ($5,334) $45,663 $9.56 72%
Apr. 2020 $48,020 $19,560 $28,460 ($11,495) $36,525 $4.18 91%
Jan. 2018 $35,403 $7,797 $27,606 ($885) $34,518 $40.01 100%
Mar. 2020 $25,703 $5,602 $20,101 ($104) $25,599 $246.31 81%
May. 2015 $22,338 $4,925 $17,412 ($581) $21,757 $38.47 98%
Apr. 2020 $22,937 $5,223 $17,714 ($2,147) $20,790 $10.68 98%
Jul. 2019 $28,445 $8,457 $19,987 ($7,929) $20,516 $3.59 80%
Feb. 2018 $20,584 $4,505 $16,078 ($257) $20,327 $80.22 70%
Mar. 2020 $19,445 $4,246 $15,200 ($147) $19,298 $131.87 64%
Jun. 2014 $19,158 $4,181 $14,976 ($130) $19,028 $147.84 98%
Jun. 2014 $17,113 $3,748 $13,365 ($234) $16,879 $73.27 93%
Sep. 2014 $18,894 $4,340 $14,554 ($2,114) $16,780 $8.94 83%
Jul. 2019 $26,605 $9,901 $16,704 ($9,982) $16,623 $2.67 71%
May. 2020 $18,940 $4,447 $14,493 ($3,010) $15,929 $6.29 92%
Feb. 2020 $16,539 $3,900 $12,639 ($1,875) $14,664 $8.82 57%
Jan. 2018 $14,276 $3,113 $11,163 ($69) $14,207 $206.61 94%
Jul. 2014 $14,407 $3,172 $11,234 ($354) $14,052 $40.66 81%
Jul. 2019 $15,992 $3,584 $12,409 ($3,342) $12,651 $4.79 90%
Mar. 2021 $12,556 $2,737 $9,819 ($58) $12,498 $217.64 64%
Mar. 2020 $11,786 $2,582 $9,204 ($170) $11,616 $69.27 69%
Jun. 2014 $11,527 $2,542 $8,985 ($315) $11,212 $36.59 79%
Jun. 2021 $11,473 $3,893 $7,580 ($809) $10,665 $14.19 66%
Apr. 2020 $11,124 $2,490 $8,635 ($643) $10,481 $17.30 69%
Jun. 2014 $8,860 $1,961 $6,900 ($305) $8,555 $29.01 82%
Apr. 2020 $9,548 $2,264 $7,284 ($1,722) $7,827 $5.55 62%
Mar. 2020 $8,173 $1,850 $6,323 ($661) $7,512 $12.36 63%
Jun. 2014 $8,539 $1,978 $6,561 ($1,112) $7,427 $7.68 94%
Jun. 2014 $7,466 $1,634 $5,832 ($90) $7,376 $82.91 64%
Jun. 2014 $7,874 $1,862 $6,012 ($1,372) $6,501 $5.74 88%
Jun. 2014 $6,022 $1,415 $4,608 ($962) $5,060 $6.26 57%
Nov. 2020 $5,052 $1,100 $3,952 ($12) $5,041 $436.78 60%
Jun. 2020 $5,205 $1,186 $4,018 ($179) $5,026 $29.08 55%
Feb. 2018 $4,760 $1,040 $3,719 ($46) $4,713 $103.14 57%
Jun. 2020 $4,686 $1,057 $3,629 ($290) $4,396 $16.14 52%
Oct. 2015 $3,291 $720 $2,570 ($43) $3,248 $76.95 87%
May. 2020 $4,407 $1,109 $3,298 ($1,382) $3,025 $3.19 71%
Apr. 2012 $15,943 $4,887 $11,055 ($12,997) $2,946 $1.23 52%
Apr. 2018 $5,190 $1,404 $3,786 ($2,383) $2,807 $2.18 74%
Jun. 2014 $3,010 $693 $2,317 ($353) $2,658 $8.54 60%
Jun. 2014 $2,749 $608 $2,141 ($93) $2,655 $29.45 57%
Jan. 2013 $2,166 $499 $1,667 ($247) $1,919 $8.76 94%
May. 2015 $3,692 $1,019 $2,673 ($1,989) $1,703 $1.86 64%
Nov. 2020 $1,378 $301 $1,077 ($8) $1,369 $167.70 53%
Jun. 2014 $1,433 $327 $1,106 ($138) $1,295 $10.37 58%
Jan. 2013 $1,413 $335 $1,078 ($247) $1,165 $5.71 84%
Mar. 2020 $1,313 $360 $954 ($682) $632 $1.93 51%
Jan. 2013 $843 $211 $632 ($247) $596 $3.41 70%
Jan. 2013 $666 $172 $494 ($247) $418 $2.69 62%
Mar. 2020 $503 $200 $304 ($102) $401 $4.93 84%
Jan. 2013 $506 $134 $371 ($224) $282 $2.26 56%
Jan. 2013 $444 $118 $326 ($200) $244 $2.22 54%
Jan. 2013 $434 $117 $318 ($202) $232 $2.14 54%
Jun. 2014 ($20) $7 ($27) ($105) ($124) ($0.19) 39%
Mar. 2020 ($1,084) ($159) ($925) ($707) ($1,791) ($1.53) 47%
Dec. 2013 $766 $520 $246 ($3,251) ($2,485) $0.24 40%
Jun. 2014 ($4,517) ($980) ($3,537) ($22) ($4,539) ($209.36) 30%
Mar. 2020 ($9,022) ($1,937) ($7,085) ($161) ($9,182) ($56.19) 11%
Apr. 2012 ($6,398) ($837) ($5,561) ($5,100) ($11,497) ($1.25) 33%
Apr. 2012 $1,594 $4,549 ($2,955) ($13,103) ($11,509) $0.12 33%
To view details of all Pre-K to 12 Education programs in a single pdf, click here.

Other Pre-K to 12 Education topics reviewed; benefit-cost results not yet available:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
"Nudge" attendance program
Sep. 2020 Click for meta-analytic results
Ability School Engagement Program
Mar. 2020 Click for meta-analytic results
Academic vocabulary instruction
Mar. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Charter schools: Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP)
Aug. 2013 Click for meta-analytic results
Charter schools: non-urban charter schools
Aug. 2013 Click for meta-analytic results
Charter schools: overall impact
Aug. 2013 Click for meta-analytic results
Charter schools: urban charter schools
Aug. 2013 Click for meta-analytic results
Daily Behavior Report Cards
Apr. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Harlem Children's Zone - Promise Academy® K-12 Charter Schools
Jun. 2020 Click for meta-analytic results
Model early childhood education programs
Dec. 2013 Click for meta-analytic results
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) certified teachers (for elementary school students)
Mar. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) certified teachers (for secondary school students)
Mar. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Pre-K and elementary bilingual instruction for English language learners
Jun. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Principal quality
Aug. 2013 Click for meta-analytic results
School Transitional Environmental Program (STEP)
Sep. 2020 Click for meta-analytic results
Teacher experience
Apr. 2012 Click for meta-analytic results
Teacher graduate degrees
Apr. 2012 Click for meta-analytic results
Teacher in-subject graduate degrees
Apr. 2012 Click for meta-analytic results
Transition programs for incoming kindergarteners
Mar. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
ACCEPTS program
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID)
Jul. 2013 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program
Jun. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Comer School Development Program
Aug. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Connecting With Others program
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Credit retrieval
Apr. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
High Schools That Work (HSTW)
Jul. 2013 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
International Baccalaureate
Jul. 2013 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
K-12 educator professional learning communities
Feb. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Lunch Buddy Program
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Make Your Day
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) in K-12 setting
Sep. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
MicroSociety
Jul. 2013 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Mindplay Virtual Reading Coach
Aug. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Montessori in K-12
Jul. 2013 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Parent and family engagement coordinators
Jan. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Professional learning communities
May. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Skillstreaming
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Team teaching/co-teaching
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Think Time
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Children's Mental Health

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Children's Mental Health, contact Rebecca Goodvin.
Anxiety
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Jul. 2019 $15,387 $4,787 $10,600 ($520) $14,867 $29.58 87%
May. 2018 $13,939 $4,542 $9,396 ($516) $13,423 $27.04 94%
May. 2018 $5,983 $1,738 $4,245 $624 $6,606 n/a 92%
Aug. 2017 $4,852 $1,417 $3,434 $411 $5,262 n/a 85%
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Apr. 2018 $11,372 $3,796 $7,577 ($522) $10,850 $21.77 73%
Apr. 2018 $7,021 $3,006 $4,014 ($4,546) $2,475 $1.54 57%
Apr. 2018 ($3,499) ($563) ($2,935) ($1,166) ($4,665) ($3.00) 47%
Depression
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
May. 2018 ($119) $6 ($125) ($271) ($390) ($0.44) 48%
Aug. 2017 $635 $307 $328 ($1,103) ($469) $0.58 48%
Aug. 2017 $38 $98 ($60) ($517) ($479) $0.07 49%
Aug. 2017 $181 $138 $43 ($706) ($525) $0.26 48%
Disruptive Behavior
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Jul. 2018 $19,727 $5,971 $13,756 ($4,804) $14,923 $4.11 86%
Jul. 2018 $13,170 $3,238 $9,932 ($1,866) $11,304 $7.06 58%
Jul. 2018 $9,970 $2,705 $7,265 ($1,585) $8,385 $6.29 60%
Jun. 2018 $7,442 $2,532 $4,910 ($890) $6,551 $8.36 60%
Jun. 2018 $3,629 $1,261 $2,368 $594 $4,223 n/a 97%
May. 2018 $5,048 $2,091 $2,958 ($1,935) $3,114 $2.61 67%
Jul. 2018 $2,786 $1,051 $1,735 ($87) $2,699 $31.95 96%
May. 2018 $2,197 $820 $1,377 $40 $2,237 n/a 79%
Jul. 2018 $3,939 $1,120 $2,819 ($1,978) $1,960 $1.99 55%
Mar. 2018 $2,913 $1,337 $1,576 ($1,513) $1,400 $1.92 72%
Aug. 2017 $1,102 $459 $643 ($323) $779 $3.41 60%
Jun. 2018 $768 $389 $379 ($541) $227 $1.42 51%
Jun. 2018 $1,385 $960 $425 ($2,354) ($969) $0.59 29%
Jul. 2018 ($756) $390 ($1,146) ($3,616) ($4,373) ($0.21) 3%
Trauma
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Jun. 2018 $80,208 $25,814 $54,394 ($5,113) $75,095 $15.69 96%
Aug. 2017 $30,196 $9,512 $20,684 $129 $30,324 n/a 100%
Jul. 2018 $22,050 $6,953 $15,097 ($770) $21,280 $28.63 81%
Jun. 2018 $8,903 $2,690 $6,213 $709 $9,612 n/a 83%
Other
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Jul. 2018 $4,967 $1,678 $3,289 $676 $5,642 n/a 98%
Aug. 2017 $1,956 $1,086 $870 ($178) $1,778 $10.97 51%
To view details of all Children's Mental Health programs in a single pdf, click here.

Other Children's Mental Health topics reviewed; benefit-cost results not yet available:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
Addition of CBT to antidepressants (compared to antidepressants alone) for adolescent depression
Jun. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Choice Theory/Reality Therapy for children with disruptive behavior
Jul. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Family-based treatment for adolescents with eating disorders
Jul. 2019 Click for meta-analytic results
Full fidelity wraparound for youth with serious emotional disturbance (SED)
Jul. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Great Life Mentoring (formerly 4Results Mentoring)
Nov. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Intensive Family Preservation Services (HOMEBUILDERS®) for youth with serious emotional disturbance (SED)
Jul. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Motivational interviewing to engage children in mental health treatment
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Multisystemic Therapy (MST) for youth with serious emotional disturbance (SED)
Jul. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) for youth
Jul. 2019 Click for meta-analytic results
QPR Gatekeeper Training
Nov. 2020 Click for meta-analytic results
ADOPTS (therapy to address distress of post traumatic stress in adoptive children)
Jun. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Encompass for ADHD
May. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Families Moving Forward
Jul. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Group homes (Stop-Gap model) for youth with serious emotional disturbance (SED)
May. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Rites of Passage Wilderness Therapy
Jul. 2019 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
STAY (Slow Down, Take Interest, Assess Your Role, Yield To Another Perspective)
Jun. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Take 5: Trauma Affects Kids Everywhere—Five Ways to Promote Resilience
Jun. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Theraplay
May. 2018 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Health Care

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Health Care, contact Eva Westley.
Obesity and Diabetes
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Feb. 2017 $36,463 $10,598 $25,865 ($4,456) $32,007 $8.18 100%
Feb. 2017 $21,958 $6,198 $15,760 ($525) $21,433 $41.79 78%
Dec. 2014 $2,458 $680 $1,778 ($735) $1,723 $3.34 61%
Dec. 2014 $852 $218 $634 ($112) $740 $7.61 55%
Dec. 2014 $24 $15 $9 ($76) ($52) $0.32 49%
Dec. 2014 $154 $63 $91 ($217) ($63) $0.71 49%
Dec. 2014 ($38) $14 ($52) ($193) ($232) ($0.20) 46%
Dec. 2014 ($34) $40 ($73) ($392) ($425) ($0.09) 43%
Health Care System Efficiency
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Dec. 2014 $2,081 $920 $1,161 ($493) $1,588 $4.22 66%
Dec. 2014 $479 $201 $277 ($61) $418 $7.86 64%
Dec. 2016 $320 $159 $161 ($98) $222 $3.27 49%
Dec. 2016 $246 $145 $101 ($183) $63 $1.35 43%
Dec. 2014 $15 $6 $9 ($9) $6 $1.63 50%
Dec. 2016 $44 $40 $4 ($98) ($53) $0.45 35%
Dec. 2014 ($5) $12 ($16) ($92) ($96) ($0.05) 45%
Dec. 2016 $60 $65 ($5) ($183) ($123) $0.33 32%
Dec. 2014 $9,611 $5,623 $3,988 ($11,300) ($1,689) $0.85 43%
Maternal and Infant Health
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Dec. 2016 $13,675 $881 $12,794 ($817) $12,858 $16.74 100%
Dec. 2016 $11,670 $1,128 $10,543 ($247) $11,424 $47.33 98%
Dec. 2016 $7,453 $972 $6,481 ($488) $6,964 $15.26 98%
Dec. 2016 $3,204 $212 $2,992 $1,292 $4,495 n/a 94%
Dec. 2016 $3,975 $366 $3,610 ($137) $3,838 $29.05 75%
Dec. 2016 $3,526 $739 $2,787 ($603) $2,923 $5.85 72%
Dec. 2016 $2,667 $240 $2,427 ($112) $2,555 $23.91 90%
Dec. 2016 $2,326 $410 $1,916 ($844) $1,482 $2.76 84%
Nov. 2015 $323 $229 $94 ($40) $283 $7.98 100%
Nov. 2015 $306 $0 $306 ($40) $265 $7.56 100%
Nov. 2015 $195 $141 $54 ($32) $162 $6.01 84%
Nov. 2015 $183 $0 $183 ($32) $150 $5.64 83%
Nov. 2015 $166 $141 $25 ($91) $76 $1.84 100%
Nov. 2015 $155 $0 $155 ($91) $64 $1.70 97%
Nov. 2015 ($13) $94 ($107) ($307) ($320) ($0.04) 1%
Nov. 2015 ($21) $0 ($21) ($307) ($328) ($0.07) 1%
Dec. 2016 ($823) ($257) ($566) ($238) ($1,062) ($3.45) 46%
Dec. 2016 ($1,142) $125 ($1,267) ($217) ($1,359) ($5.27) 34%
Falls Prevention for Older Adults
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Jan. 2018 $9,669 $1,290 $8,379 ($1,144) $8,525 $8.45 100%
Jan. 2018 $7,190 $956 $6,234 ($804) $6,386 $8.94 97%
Oct. 2017 $4,142 $709 $3,433 ($375) $3,767 $11.04 100%
Jan. 2018 $4,237 $579 $3,658 ($740) $3,498 $5.73 100%
Feb. 2018 $3,473 $607 $2,866 ($408) $3,066 $8.52 73%
Feb. 2018 $3,188 $413 $2,775 ($684) $2,504 $4.66 75%
Jan. 2018 $783 $177 $606 ($350) $433 $2.23 79%
Nov. 2017 $2,191 $557 $1,634 ($1,779) $412 $1.23 63%
Jan. 2018 $803 $164 $639 ($394) $409 $2.04 88%
Jan. 2018 $638 $139 $499 ($261) $377 $2.45 56%
Jan. 2018 $619 $150 $469 ($394) $225 $1.57 79%
Feb. 2018 $201 $53 $148 ($156) $45 $1.29 59%
Feb. 2018 $327 $93 $235 ($315) $13 $1.04 50%
Feb. 2018 $329 $86 $242 ($346) ($17) $0.95 44%
Nov. 2017 $542 $153 $388 ($786) ($244) $0.69 20%
Oct. 2017 ($86) $1 ($87) ($185) ($271) ($0.46) 17%
Jan. 2018 ($634) $12 ($646) ($1,378) ($2,012) ($0.46) 23%
Nov. 2017 ($5,798) ($689) ($5,109) ($662) ($6,460) ($8.76) 0%
To view details of all Health Care programs in a single pdf, click here.

Other Health Care topics reviewed; benefit-cost results not yet available:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
Accountable Care Organizations: (a) Alternative Quality Contract
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Accountable Care Organizations: (b) Medicare Physician Group Practice Demonstration (PGPD)
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Accountable Care Organizations: (c) Medicare Pioneer ACOs
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (a) High-Deductible Health Plans (moderate to high deductibles, with and without HRAs or HSAs), general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (b) High-Deductible Health Plans (moderate to high deductible levels, with or without HSAs), low-income patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (c) High-Deductible Health Plans with moderate deductibles (individual < $1000), general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (d) High-Deductible Health Plans with higher deductibles (individual > $1000), general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (e) High-Deductible Health Plans with higher deductibles (individual > $1000) and HRA accounts, general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (f) High-Deductible Health Plans with higher deductibles (individual > $1000) and HSA accounts, general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (g) Coinsurance (25% rate or higher) versus no cost sharing, general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (h) Copay increases across multiple services, low-income population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (i) Copay increases across multiple services, low-income and chronically-ill population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (j) Emergency department copays, general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (k) Emergency department copays, low-income patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (l) Copays for nonemergent emergency department visits, Medicaid adult population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (m) Copays for prescription drugs, general patient population
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (n) Copays for prescription drugs, adults with a chronic illness
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (o) Copay reductions for prescription drugs used to treat chronic conditions (Value Based Insurance Design), adults with chronic illnesses
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (p) Copays for prescription drugs, low-income children (CHIP)
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (q) Copays for prescription drugs, low-income children (CHIP) with a chronic illness
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cost sharing: (r) Copays for prescription drugs, Medicare beneficiaries
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Falls prevention: Individual exercise programs for osteoporosis/osteopenia
Jan. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Long-acting reversible contraception (compared to short-acting reversible contraception)
Sep. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Non-Medicaid enhanced prenatal care programs for African-American women
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Oral health: Fluoride varnish treatment for permanent teeth
Oct. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Oral health: Fluoride varnish treatment for primary teeth
Oct. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Oral health: Resin sealants for molars
Oct. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Patient-centered medical homes in integrated health systems (high-risk population)
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Smoking cessation programs for pregnant women: Postpartum smoking relapse prevention
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Transitional care programs to prevent hospital readmissions: Brief phone follow-up only
Dec. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Chronic Care Model (CCM) interventions
Dec. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Oral health: Mid-level dental care providers
Oct. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Oral health: Preventive dental visits
Oct. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Prenatal depression screening
Dec. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Substance Use Disorders

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Substance Use Disorders, contact Heather Grob.
Early Intervention
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Sep. 2016 $8,623 $3,124 $5,499 ($322) $8,301 $26.79 55%
Jun. 2016 $4,187 $1,292 $2,894 ($453) $3,734 $9.24 60%
Sep. 2016 $2,999 $965 $2,034 ($512) $2,487 $5.86 58%
Sep. 2016 $2,573 $781 $1,792 ($189) $2,384 $13.60 67%
May. 2014 $1,253 $373 $880 ($86) $1,167 $14.53 65%
Feb. 2015 $439 $183 $256 ($392) $48 $1.12 47%
Jun. 2016 ($137) ($39) ($98) ($5) ($141) ($29.68) 49%
Treatment for Youth
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Sep. 2018 $9 $26 ($16) ($128) ($119) $0.07 48%
Sep. 2018 ($1,061) $20 ($1,082) ($2,345) ($3,406) ($0.45) 40%
Jun. 2016 ($1,454) $31 ($1,486) ($4,082) ($5,536) ($0.36) 37%
May. 2015 $2,778 $2,026 $752 ($9,504) ($6,726) $0.29 30%
Treatment for Adults
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
May. 2014 $26,754 $3,797 $22,957 ($673) $26,081 $39.74 78%
May. 2014 $24,029 $7,337 $16,693 ($467) $23,563 $51.49 73%
May. 2014 $18,537 $5,699 $12,838 ($673) $17,863 $27.53 78%
May. 2014 $17,628 $5,417 $12,212 ($657) $16,972 $26.84 91%
May. 2014 $13,177 $2,730 $10,447 ($248) $12,929 $53.16 63%
May. 2014 $10,991 $2,217 $8,774 $378 $11,369 n/a 60%
May. 2014 $10,812 $2,364 $8,447 ($1,418) $9,393 $7.62 60%
May. 2014 $11,571 $4,564 $7,007 ($2,399) $9,172 $4.82 61%
Dec. 2014 $8,031 $2,019 $6,012 ($314) $7,718 $25.61 56%
Sep. 2016 $7,670 $1,581 $6,089 ($313) $7,357 $24.51 57%
May. 2014 $7,199 $1,527 $5,672 $0 $7,199 n/a 56%
May. 2014 $6,204 $1,106 $5,098 ($957) $5,247 $6.48 56%
Dec. 2016 $4,952 $828 $4,124 ($419) $4,533 $11.81 58%
May. 2014 $6,181 $744 $5,438 ($2,802) $3,380 $2.21 54%
May. 2014 $3,442 $588 $2,854 ($295) $3,147 $11.67 59%
May. 2014 $4,333 $885 $3,448 ($1,508) $2,825 $2.87 52%
May. 2014 $2,057 $339 $1,718 $0 $2,057 n/a 53%
Oct. 2016 $2,199 $392 $1,807 ($339) $1,861 $6.50 53%
May. 2014 $4,055 $944 $3,112 ($3,316) $739 $1.22 50%
May. 2014 $581 $220 $361 ($295) $286 $1.97 51%
Dec. 2016 ($554) ($38) ($516) ($634) ($1,188) ($0.87) 49%
May. 2014 $2,729 $974 $1,755 ($6,375) ($3,646) $0.43 44%
May. 2014 ($17,472) ($4,596) ($12,877) ($186) ($17,658) ($93.94) 23%
Medication-assisted Treatment
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Dec. 2016 $10,633 $2,059 $8,575 ($4,439) $6,194 $2.40 84%
Dec. 2016 $10,096 $2,053 $8,044 ($5,444) $4,652 $1.85 81%
Dec. 2016 ($868) $1,423 ($2,292) ($19,488) ($20,357) ($0.04) 0%
Dec. 2016 ($8,563) $331 ($8,894) ($19,488) ($28,051) ($0.44) 0%
To view details of all Substance Use Disorders programs in a single pdf, click here.

Other Substance Use Disorders topics reviewed:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA)
Sep. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Buprehorphine implants
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for engaging clients in treatment
Sep. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for co-morbid substance use disorder and serious mental illness
May. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Early initiation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (compared to referral to treatment only)
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Early initiation of methadone treatment for opioid use disorder (compared to referral to treatment only)
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Family Behavior Therapy (FBT)
May. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Injectable bromocriptine for alcohol
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
MET/CBT-5 for youth marijuana use
Feb. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) (problem drinkers)
May. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Naltrexone implants
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Parent-Child Assistance Program
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Wraparound services for pregnant/postpartum women in treatment for substance use disorders
Sep. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Anger management for substance abuse and mental health clients: Cognitive-behavioral therapy
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Behavioral Couples Therapy (marital)
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Buprenorphine taper for prescription opioid use disorder
Dec. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Dialectical behavior therapy for substance abuse: Integrated treatment model
May. 2015 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Matrix Model treatment for adolescents with substance use disorder
Jun. 2013 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Medication-assisted therapies for opioid use during pregnancy—buprenorphine vs. methadone
Dec. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Preventing Addiction-Related Suicide (PARS)
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Recovery Support Services
Jun. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Seven Challenges
Jun. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Therapeutic community for non-offenders
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Adult Mental Health

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Adult Mental Health, contact Heather Grob.
Anxiety
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Sep. 2016 $45,904 $13,918 $31,986 ($677) $45,227 $67.85 100%
Sep. 2016 $31,492 $9,556 $21,936 ($511) $30,982 $61.66 84%
Dec. 2016 $18,485 $5,713 $12,772 ($984) $17,501 $18.79 91%
Depression
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Sep. 2016 $34,610 $10,549 $24,061 ($595) $34,015 $58.20 100%
Dec. 2016 $14,792 $4,625 $10,167 ($984) $13,808 $15.03 98%
Dec. 2016 $9,796 $3,173 $6,623 ($1,107) $8,690 $8.85 100%
Dec. 2016 $2,482 $931 $1,552 ($679) $1,803 $3.65 83%
Dec. 2016 $1,608 $644 $964 ($681) $927 $2.36 79%
Trauma
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Sep. 2016 $68,024 $21,180 $46,844 ($664) $67,360 $102.40 100%
Sep. 2016 $56,693 $17,587 $39,106 ($81) $56,611 $696.33 100%
May. 2014 $7,472 $2,469 $5,003 ($1,005) $6,467 $7.44 99%
Serious Mental Illness
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Dec. 2014 $16,645 $9,566 $7,079 ($1,715) $14,930 $9.70 60%
May. 2014 $8,283 $2,614 $5,669 ($951) $7,332 $8.71 81%
May. 2014 $8,030 $3,086 $4,944 ($4,142) $3,888 $1.94 84%
May. 2014 $1,291 $528 $764 ($272) $1,020 $4.75 51%
Sep. 2016 $1,376 $1,029 $347 ($825) $550 $1.67 48%
May. 2014 $1,578 $1,391 $186 ($1,407) $171 $1.12 46%
May. 2014 $335 $175 $161 ($260) $76 $1.29 50%
May. 2014 ($288) ($27) ($261) ($322) ($610) ($0.89) 27%
Sep. 2016 ($344) $352 ($696) ($1,913) ($2,257) ($0.18) 42%
May. 2014 ($4,473) ($1,351) ($3,122) $0 ($4,473) n/a 29%
Sep. 2016 $1,708 $2,963 ($1,255) ($6,889) ($5,181) $0.25 33%
Dec. 2014 ($2,338) $2,115 ($4,454) ($18,221) ($20,559) ($0.13) 0%
May. 2014 ($6,216) $640 ($6,856) ($15,216) ($21,433) ($0.41) 0%
May. 2014 ($9,257) $1,031 ($10,288) ($21,481) ($30,738) ($0.43) 12%
To view details of all Adult Mental Health programs in a single pdf, click here.

Adult Mental Health topics reviewed:

Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review Notes
Integrated Dual Disorder Treatment (IDDT)
Sep. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Assisted outpatient treatment
Nov. 2015 Click for meta-analytic results
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for prodromal psychosis
Sep. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Collaborative primary care for dementia (older adult population)
Feb. 2018 Click for meta-analytic results
Individual Placement and Support for first episode psychosis
Aug. 2017 Click for meta-analytic results
Integrated treatment for first-episode psychosis
Sep. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Integrated treatment for prodromal psychosis
Sep. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Medicaid Health Homes
Dec. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Motivational interviewing to enhance treatment engagement for serious mental illness
Sep. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Telemedicine for depression in primary care
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Telemedicine for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in primary care
Dec. 2016 Click for meta-analytic results
Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP)
Dec. 2014 Click for meta-analytic results
Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST)
Nov. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Collaborative primary care for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Dec. 2016 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Crisis Intervention Team
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Forensic Integrative Re-entry Support and Treatment (FIRST)
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Forensic Intensive Supportive Housing (FISH)
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Integrated cognitive therapies program for co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
LEARN Saves Lives Suicide Prevention Training for Parents/Caregivers
Nov. 2020 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Peer Bridger
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Trauma Informed Care: Risking Connection
May. 2014 No rigorous evaluation measuring outcome of interest.
Click to expand

Public Health & Prevention

Open program PDF
For questions on benefit-cost results relating to Public Health & Prevention, contact Eva Westley.
School-based
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Sep. 2018 $36,896 $9,351 $27,545 ($1,189) $35,707 $31.03 94%
Nov. 2015 $21,264 $4,685 $16,579 ($553) $20,712 $38.48 66%
May. 2018 $23,129 $5,333 $17,796 ($3,885) $19,244 $5.95 71%
Apr. 2018 $14,298 $3,245 $11,053 ($1,232) $13,066 $11.61 61%
Mar. 2018 $11,571 $3,223 $8,348 ($180) $11,392 $64.42 77%
Jan. 2018 $11,004 $3,421 $7,583 ($729) $10,274 $15.09 74%
Jun. 2015 $10,361 $2,243 $8,118 ($424) $9,937 $24.44 62%
Aug. 2017 $10,170 $3,178 $6,992 ($539) $9,631 $18.87 81%
Mar. 2019 $10,190 $2,914 $7,276 ($4,429) $5,760 $2.30 57%
Aug. 2018 $5,750 $2,098 $3,652 ($184) $5,566 $31.22 91%
Sep. 2018 $4,588 $1,107 $3,481 ($296) $4,293 $15.52 57%
Dec. 2014 $3,747 $879 $2,869 ($71) $3,677 $53.04 88%
Dec. 2014 $3,031 $910 $2,120 ($123) $2,908 $24.67 96%
Sep. 2018 $3,720 $1,000 $2,720 ($1,751) $1,969 $2.12 58%
Jun. 2014 $1,881 $563 $1,318 ($118) $1,763 $15.97 63%
Jun. 2016 $1,688 $498 $1,190 ($5) $1,683 $366.20 58%
Jan. 2019 $1,354 $310 $1,044 ($12) $1,343 $117.36 100%
Jan. 2019 $1,331 $412 $919 ($53) $1,278 $24.98 79%
Jun. 2020 $1,583 $620 $962 ($345) $1,238 $4.59 90%
Dec. 2014 $1,093 $345 $748 ($66) $1,027 $16.59 61%
Jan. 2019 $903 $263 $640 ($12) $891 $72.41 70%
Jun. 2014 $774 $235 $539 ($58) $716 $13.37 62%
Dec. 2014 $634 $196 $438 ($63) $571 $10.06 96%
Dec. 2014 $535 $169 $366 ($45) $490 $11.86 57%
Jun. 2014 $469 $167 $303 ($78) $392 $6.04 57%
Jan. 2019 $350 $106 $243 ($53) $296 $6.56 52%
Feb. 2019 $1,080 $534 $546 ($829) $251 $1.30 57%
Aug. 2019 $81 $26 $55 ($12) $68 $6.47 51%
Jan. 2019 $53 $18 $35 ($29) $24 $1.82 49%
Nov. 2015 ($14) $0 ($15) ($30) ($44) ($0.48) 50%
Dec. 2014 ($153) ($42) ($111) ($27) ($180) ($5.63) 36%
Nov. 2015 ($66) $1 ($67) ($138) ($204) ($0.48) 47%
Jan. 2019 ($322) ($80) ($242) ($18) ($340) ($18.06) 45%
Nov. 2015 ($145) $1 ($145) ($295) ($440) ($0.49) 45%
Aug. 2015 ($868) ($270) ($598) ($64) ($933) ($13.46) 45%
May. 2020 ($859) ($247) ($611) ($188) ($1,047) ($4.57) 39%
May. 2018 ($76) $278 ($354) ($1,719) ($1,794) ($0.04) 5%
May. 2018 ($455) $278 ($733) ($2,479) ($2,934) ($0.18) 1%
May. 2018 ($10,442) ($2,080) ($8,362) ($1,759) ($12,201) ($5.94) 17%
May. 2018 ($10,932) ($2,080) ($8,852) ($2,739) ($13,671) ($3.99) 14%
Jan. 2020 ($13,152) ($2,746) ($10,406) ($1,052) ($14,204) ($12.50) 4%
Home- or Family-based
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Feb. 2019 $11,652 $3,632 $8,020 ($51) $11,601 $227.16 71%
May. 2015 $7,714 $2,239 $5,475 ($774) $6,940 $9.96 60%
Mar. 2018 $20,495 $5,061 $15,434 ($13,925) $6,570 $1.47 65%
Feb. 2019 $7,317 $2,515 $4,802 ($1,756) $5,562 $4.17 69%
Jul. 2017 $10,819 $7,062 $3,757 ($5,982) $4,837 $1.81 62%
Aug. 2018 $3,836 $1,181 $2,655 ($653) $3,183 $5.87 60%
Aug. 2017 $7,213 $2,319 $4,894 ($4,755) $2,458 $1.52 52%
Dec. 2014 $2,411 $737 $1,674 ($84) $2,327 $28.83 64%
Jun. 2016 $2,124 $669 $1,455 ($231) $1,893 $9.19 73%
Apr. 2018 $11,808 $3,307 $8,501 ($10,003) $1,805 $1.18 51%
Jun. 2016 $2,279 $760 $1,519 ($629) $1,650 $3.62 59%
Jun. 2018 $2,108 $831 $1,278 ($890) $1,218 $2.37 57%
Jun. 2016 $1,944 $757 $1,187 ($850) $1,095 $2.29 56%
Jun. 2017 $885 $366 $519 ($263) $622 $3.37 57%
Jul. 2017 $10,954 $5,058 $5,896 ($10,426) $528 $1.05 49%
Aug. 2018 $1,052 $369 $683 ($776) $277 $1.36 51%
Jul. 2018 ($382) $3 ($385) ($853) ($1,235) ($0.45) 49%
Aug. 2017 $1,454 $1,304 $150 ($5,265) ($3,811) $0.28 34%
Jun. 2017 ($1,662) ($56) ($1,605) ($4,154) ($5,816) ($0.40) 5%
Apr. 2018 ($10,531) ($563) ($9,968) ($17,602) ($28,133) ($0.60) 16%
Aug. 2017 $7,038 $6,259 $779 ($46,645) ($39,607) $0.15 23%
Community-based
Program name
(click on the program name for more detail)
Date of last literature review
Total benefits
Taxpayer benefits
Non-taxpayer benefits
Costs
Benefits minus costs (net present value)
Benefit to cost ratio
Chance benefits will exceed costs
Dec. 2014 $48,077 $9,233 $38,844 ($48) $48,029 $1,003.36 100%
Dec. 2014 $28,507 $5,224 $23,283 ($62) $28,445 $458.38 100%
May. 2018 $11,328 $2,701 $8,627 ($2,805) $8,523 $4.04 65%
May. 2018 $10,428 $2,701 $7,726 ($4,607) $5,821 $2.26 59%
Jan. 2019 $3,967 $1,223 $2,744 ($698) $3,269 $5.69 87%
Jun. 2019 $3,067 $954 $2,113 ($74) $2,993 $41.37 72%
Aug. 2019 $311 $106 $206 ($28) $283 $10.97 68%
Mar. 2019 $367 $123 $244 ($114) $253 $3.21 56%
Mar. 2018 $1,280 $3,138 ($1,858) ($1,073) $207 $1.19 50%
Feb. 2020 $352 $167 $185 ($402) ($49) $0.88 44%
Jan. 2018 ($244) $65 ($309) ($829) ($1,073) ($0.29) 22%
May. 2018 ($712) $145