ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $3,996 | Benefits minus costs | ($2,415) | |||
Participants | $6,881 | Benefit to cost ratio | $0.74 | |||
Others | $1,178 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($5,141) | benefits greater than the costs | 40 % | |||
Total benefits | $6,913 | |||||
Net program cost | ($9,328) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | ($2,415) | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | Primary or secondary participant | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Child abuse and neglect Substantiated or founded reports to child protective services. |
3 | Secondary | 1 | 78 | -0.251 | 0.199 | 5 | -0.251 | 0.199 | 17 | -0.448 | 0.030 |
Major depressive disorder Clinical diagnosis of major depression or symptoms measured on a validated scale. |
29 | Primary | 1 | 58 | -0.281 | 0.186 | 29 | -0.138 | 0.202 | 31 | -0.501 | 0.008 |
Externalizing behavior symptoms Symptoms of externalizing behavior (e.g., aggressive, hostile, or disruptive behavior) measured on a validated scale. |
3 | Secondary | 1 | 58 | -0.302 | 0.186 | 3 | -0.166 | 0.133 | 6 | -0.540 | 0.004 |
Internalizing symptoms Symptoms of internalizing behavior (e.g., sadness, anxiety, or withdrawal) measured on a validated scale. |
3 | Secondary | 1 | 58 | -0.137 | 0.185 | 3 | -0.137 | 0.185 | 5 | -0.244 | 0.189 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Major depressive disorder | Labor market earnings associated with major depression | $1,110 | $2,607 | $0 | ($555) | $3,162 |
Health care associated with major depression | $365 | $103 | $376 | $182 | $1,027 | |
Mortality associated with depression | $1 | $2 | $0 | $24 | $27 | |
Subtotals | $1,476 | $2,712 | $376 | ($349) | $4,216 | |
From secondary participant | ||||||
Child abuse and neglect | Criminal justice system | $132 | $0 | $257 | $66 | $455 |
Child abuse and neglect | $230 | $744 | $0 | $115 | $1,090 | |
K-12 grade repetition | $17 | $0 | $0 | $9 | $26 | |
K-12 special education | $219 | $0 | $0 | $109 | $328 | |
Property loss associated with alcohol abuse or dependence | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1 | |
Labor market earnings associated with child abuse & neglect | $1,394 | $3,275 | $0 | ($697) | $3,972 | |
Mortality associated with child abuse and neglect | $0 | $1 | $0 | $6 | $7 | |
Externalizing behavior symptoms | Health care associated with externalizing behavior symptoms | $527 | $149 | $544 | $264 | $1,485 |
Subtotals | $2,520 | $4,169 | $801 | ($128) | $7,362 | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($4,664) | ($4,664) |
Totals | $3,996 | $6,881 | $1,178 | ($5,141) | $6,913 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $9,000 | 2017 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | ($9,328) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2017 | Cost range (+ or -) | 20 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Lowell, D.I., Carter, A.S., Godoy, L., Paulicin, B., & Briggs-Gowan, M.J. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of Child FIRST: A comprehensive home-based intervention translating research into early childhood practice. Child Development, 82(1), 193-208.