ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
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Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $1,850 | Benefits minus costs | $7,512 | |||
Participants | $4,357 | Benefit to cost ratio | $12.36 | |||
Others | $2,297 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($331) | benefits greater than the costs | 63% | |||
Total benefits | $8,173 | |||||
Net program cost | ($661) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $7,512 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Test scores Standardized, validated tests of academic achievement. |
9 | 5 | 372 | 0.064 | 0.087 | 9 | 0.038 | 0.096 | 17 | 0.172 | 0.252 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Test scores | Labor market earnings associated with test scores | $1,850 | $4,357 | $2,297 | $0 | $8,504 |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($331) | ($331) |
Totals | $1,850 | $4,357 | $2,297 | ($331) | $8,173 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $583 | 2018 | Present value of net program costs (in 2022 dollars) | ($661) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2018 | Cost range (+ or -) | 40% |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Borman, G.D., Benson, J.G., & Overman, L. (2008). A randomized field trial of the Fast ForWord language computer-based training program. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 31(1), 82-106.
Fuchs, L.S., Douglas, F., Carol, L.H., Sarah, R.P., Andrea, M.C., & Pamela, M.S. (2006). The effects of computer-assisted instruction on number combination skill in at-risk first graders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(5), 467-475.
Rouse, C.E., & Krueger, A.B. (2004). Putting computerized instruction to the test: a randomized evaluation of a “scientifically based” reading program. Economics of Education Review, 23(4), 323-338.
Slattery, C.A., & Widener University. (2003). The impact of a computer-based training system on strengthening phonemic awareness and increasing reading ability level.