ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $3,566 | Benefits minus costs | $2,946 | |||
Participants | $3,618 | Benefit to cost ratio | $1.52 | |||
Others | $4,020 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($2,590) | benefits greater than the costs | 57 % | |||
Total benefits | $8,613 | |||||
Net program cost | ($5,667) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $2,946 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Crime Any criminal conviction according to court records, sometimes measured through charges, arrests, incarceration, or self-report. |
31 | 10 | 5777 | -0.076 | 0.036 | 33 | -0.076 | 0.036 | 43 | -0.087 | 0.035 | |
Employment^^ Any employment, including part-time work. |
31 | 3 | 1673 | 0.041 | 0.068 | 33 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.061 | 0.371 | |
Earnings* Percent change in labor market earnings, typically weekly or monthly wages. |
31 | 2 | 1457 | 0.121 | 0.090 | 32 | 0.000 | 0.018 | 33 | 0.121 | 0.180 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Crime | Criminal justice system | $2,026 | $0 | $4,020 | $1,013 | $7,059 |
Earnings | Labor market earnings | $1,540 | $3,618 | $0 | ($770) | $4,388 |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($2,833) | ($2,833) |
Totals | $3,566 | $3,618 | $4,020 | ($2,590) | $8,613 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $4,717 | 2007 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | ($5,667) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2007 | Cost range (+ or -) | 10 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Berk, R.A., Lenihan, K.J., & Rossi, PH. (1980). Crime and poverty: Some experimental evidence from ex-offenders. American Sociological Review, 45(5), 766-786.
Jacobs, E. (2012). Returning to work after prison: Final results from the Transitional Jobs Reentry Demonstration. New York, NY: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.
Mallar, C.D., & Thornton, C.V.D. (1978). Transitional aid for released prisoners: Evidence from the life experiment. The Journal of Human Resources, 13(2), 208-236.
Redcross, C., Bloom, D., Jacobs, E., Manno, M., Muller-Ravett, S., Seefeldt, K., . . . Zweig, J. (2010). Work after prison: One-year findings from the Transitional Jobs Reentry Demonstration. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.
Redcross, C., Millenky, M., Rudd, T., & Levshin, V. (2012). More than a job: Final results from the Evaluation of the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) Transitional Jobs Program. OPRE Report 2011-18. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Uggen, C. (2000). Work as a turning point in the life course of criminals: A duration model of age, employment, and recidivism. American Sociological Review, 65(4), 529–546.