ALL |
META-ANALYSIS |
CITATIONS |
|
Benefit-Cost Summary Statistics Per Participant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benefits to: | ||||||
Taxpayers | $2,416 | Benefits minus costs | $6,117 | |||
Participants | $5,023 | Benefit to cost ratio | $13.69 | |||
Others | $296 | Chance the program will produce | ||||
Indirect | ($1,136) | benefits greater than the costs | 82 % | |||
Total benefits | $6,599 | |||||
Net program cost | ($482) | |||||
Benefits minus cost | $6,117 | |||||
Meta-Analysis of Program Effects | ||||||||||||
Outcomes measured | Treatment age | No. of effect sizes | Treatment N | Adjusted effect sizes(ES) and standard errors(SE) used in the benefit - cost analysis | Unadjusted effect size (random effects model) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First time ES is estimated | Second time ES is estimated | |||||||||||
ES | SE | Age | ES | SE | Age | ES | p-value | |||||
Major depressive disorder Clinical diagnosis of major depression or symptoms measured on a validated scale. |
16 | 1 | 150 | -0.143 | 0.209 | 17 | 0.000 | 0.310 | 19 | -0.223 | 0.286 | |
Anxiety disorder Clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (e.g., general anxiety, panic, social anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder) or symptoms measured on a validated scale. |
16 | 2 | 300 | -0.241 | 0.148 | 17 | -0.095 | 0.098 | 18 | -0.377 | 0.011 | |
Suicide attempts^ An attempt to die by suicide resulting in survival. |
16 | 1 | 150 | -0.049 | 0.209 | 17 | n/a | n/a | n/a | -0.077 | 0.714 |
Detailed Monetary Benefit Estimates Per Participant | ||||||
Affected outcome: | Resulting benefits:1 | Benefits accrue to: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxpayers | Participants | Others2 | Indirect3 | Total |
||
Major depressive disorder | Mortality associated with depression | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1 | $1 |
Anxiety disorder | K-12 grade repetition | $25 | $0 | $0 | $13 | $38 |
Labor market earnings associated with anxiety disorder | $2,104 | $4,942 | $0 | ($1,052) | $5,993 | |
Health care associated with anxiety disorder | $287 | $81 | $296 | $143 | $807 | |
Program cost | Adjustment for deadweight cost of program | $0 | $0 | $0 | ($241) | ($241) |
Totals | $2,416 | $5,023 | $296 | ($1,136) | $6,599 | |
Detailed Annual Cost Estimates Per Participant | ||||
Annual cost | Year dollars | Summary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Program costs | $457 | 2016 | Present value of net program costs (in 2018 dollars) | ($482) |
Comparison costs | $0 | 2016 | Cost range (+ or -) | 10 % |
Benefits Minus Costs |
Benefits by Perspective |
Taxpayer Benefits by Source of Value |
Benefits Minus Costs Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars) |
The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. At this point, the total benefits to participants, taxpayers, and others, are equal to the cost of the program. If the dollars are above $0, the benefits of the program exceed the initial investment. |
Thompson, E.A., Eggert, L.L., Randell, B.P., & Pike, K.C. (2001). Evaluation of indicated suicide risk prevention approaches for potential high school dropouts. American Journal of Public Health, 91(5), 742-752.