In November 2012, Washington State voters passed Initiative 502 to regulate and tax the use and sale of cannabis for persons twenty-one years of age and older. As part of I-502, WSIPP was directed to “conduct cost-benefit evaluations of the implementation” of the law. The evaluations must include measures of impacts on public health, public safety, cannabis use, the economy, the criminal justice system, and state and local costs and revenues.

Previous Work
A preliminary report was released in September 2015. The second required report was released in September 2017, and the third required report was released in September 2023. The last mandated report is due in 2032.

Supplemental to the ongoing benefit-cost evaluation of cannabis legalization authorized by Initiative 502 in 2012, the 2018 Washington State Legislature directed WSIPP to conduct additional cannabis research. WSIPP was directed to update its inventory of programs for the prevention and treatment of youth cannabis use; examine current data collection methods measuring the use of cannabis by youth and potential ways to improve on these methods; and identify effective methods used to reduce or eliminate the unlicensed cultivation or distribution of marijuana in jurisdictions with existing legal marijuana markets.

A third required report covered the following topics: reported substance use, cannabis-related convictions, traffic fatalities, and substance use disorder diagnoses.

In 2023, we published an interim report related to cannabis retail access and high school outcomes.

Recent Work
The Impact of Cannabis Retail Availability on Cannabis and Mental Health Outcomes Among Medicaid Recipients in Washington State published in September 2025, in this study, we explore the relationship between licensed cannabis retail availability in Washington State and healthcare outcomes related to cannabis use disorder (CUD) and mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar, and psychotic disorders.

Current Work
Current ongoing work in service of our long-term benefit-cost evaluation of I-502 explores topics related to child welfare and workplace safety.

WSIPP is conducting a review of the effectiveness and benefit-cost outcomes of treatment programs focused on infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) and perinatal mental health (PMH). This work is being conducted under a contract approved by WSIPP’s Board of Directors with the Washington State Health Care Authority.

The final report, expected in June 2027, will summarize evidence on the effectiveness of 12–14 IECMH and PMH programs, present benefit-cost findings where evidence is available, and describe key program characteristics.

The 2025 Legislature passed a study to evaluate potential cost savings for the state of Washington if legally responsible individuals, such as parents, are allowed to serve as paid caregivers for their developmentally disabled children. The Washington State Institute for Public Policy will lead the study, with required cooperation from the Office of the State Actuary, the Department of Social and Health Services, the Health Care Authority, and the Department of Children, Youth, and Families to ensure access to necessary data and resources. The study will, to the extent possible, quantify cost savings from reduced reliance on entitlement programs, decreased use of hospitals, foster care, and residential facilities, and any likely additional savings related to this policy.

An initial report is published on WSIPP's website. A final report is due by November 15, 2026.

The 2020 Washington State Legislature directed WSIPP to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug offender sentencing alternative (DOSA). DOSA allows individuals to participate in treatment and community supervision in lieu of some (Prison DOSA) or all (Residential DOSA) of their incarceration sentence. This evaluation will examine whether participation in DOSA reduces recidivism and whether those effects vary for prison- and residential-based DOSA programs. The legislature directed WSIPP to repeat these evaluations on a regular schedule to continuously monitor the effects of the program.

An introduction to the ongoing report series that describes the development of DOSA can be found here. The initial evaluation report can be found here. Additional evaluation reports are due to the governor and the legislature on November 1, 2028, and every five years thereafter.

The 2021 Legislature passed 2SHB 1044 expanding the types of postsecondary education programs eligible for state funding in the Department of Corrections’ (DOC) incarceration facilities. The bill directs WSIPP to study recidivism, enrollment, and completion rates of incarcerated persons in the postsecondary education system after release from incarceration. The study will use data from DOC, the Washington Student Achievement Council, and the State Board of Community and Technical Colleges. The study must include the following:

• Patterns and effects on post-release enrollment and participation in the community and technical college sector by individuals who, while incarcerated, participated in postsecondary education;
• Differential outcomes for individuals participating in different types of postsecondary education courses, certificates, and degree programs;
• Changes in enrollment and completion of postsecondary education courses, certificate programs, and degree programs due to the expansion in postsecondary education programming; and
• Recidivism outcomes other than incarceration for those individuals who participated in postsecondary education while incarcerated.

The preliminary report can be found here. A final report is due October 1, 2027.

The Washington State Department of Corrections (DOC) uses risk assessment tools to help inform decisions about supervision, treatment, and resource allocation for individuals in correctional settings. DOC is considering the use of the Static-99R, a risk assessment instrument designed for individuals with histories of sexual offending. In order to adopt the Static-99R, DOC has asked WSIPP to review the state of evidence regarding the validity of the Static-99R to predict recidivism and inform community supervision eligibility.

WSIPP will conduct a review of the research literature on the Static-99R and other risk assessment instruments used with individuals convicted of sexual offenses. The study will summarize the available evidence on the predictive validity, strengths, and limitations of these tools and assess whether the research supports the use of the Static-99R for predicting recidivism, community-custody supervision, and related decision-making. Findings from this project will inform DOC’s consideration of risk assessment practices and may have implications for how risk assessments are applied to individuals with sexual offense histories in Washington’s correctional system.

The report will be published by December 30, 2026.

WSIPP’s Board of Directors approved a contract with Ameelio, a nonprofit that develops communication technology for incarcerated people, including virtual visitation platforms. WSIPP will use a meta-analytic approach to assess video visitation, with a focus on outcomes such as institutional infractions and recidivism.

Key components of the project include:

• Systematically reviewing the evidence on the effects of video visitation using meta-analysis or descriptive reviews, depending on the available research.
• Developing a framework and model inputs to monetize institutional infractions within WSIPP’s benefit-cost analysis.

The report will be published by December 31, 2026.

The Washington State Department of Corrections (DOC) is interested in better understanding patterns of misconduct within correctional facilities and the effectiveness of sanctions used to address rule violations. This project will examine prison misconduct, including violent incidents, and explore how misconduct and disciplinary responses vary across incarcerated populations and facility settings.

WSIPP will conduct descriptive analyses of DOC data on prison misconduct and sanctions, use text analysis methods to examine narratives contained in misconduct reports, and study misconduct recidivism within correctional facilities. The project will assess the relationship between sanctions imposed for misconduct and subsequent rule violations, providing policymakers and agency leadership with information about patterns of prison misconduct and the potential effectiveness of institutional disciplinary practices.

The report will be published by December 30, 2027.

The 2018 Washington State Legislature directed WSIPP to assess the impact of changes to the Juvenile Justice Act (JJA), as outlined in E2SSB 6160. To the extent possible, the study should include impacts to community safety, racial disproportionality, recidivism, state expenditures, and youth rehabilitation.

The 2019 Legislature amended WSIPP’s assignment to include an assessment of additional components contained in Sections 2-6 of E2SHB 1646. WSIPP must also conduct a benefit-cost analysis which includes the health impacts and recidivism effects of extending the JJA to include all offenses committed under the age of twenty-one.

A preliminary report was originally due to the legislature by December 1, 2023. In September 2023, the WSIPP Board of Directors voted to shift the deadlines to June 30, 2024. The preliminary report can be found here. A final report is due to the governor and the legislature by December 1, 2031.

The 2023 Washington State Legislature directed the Washington State Health Care Authority to contract with WSIPP to study the short-term implementation and long-term effectiveness of the Recover Navigator Program (RNP) authorized under RCW 71.24.115 and the Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) programs authorized under RCW 71.24.589.

The first report will be an implementation assessment of statewide RNP and LEAD programs. It will include descriptions of the current state of RNP and LEAD program implementation, the core principles of these programs as currently implemented, barriers to achieving higher fidelity to core principles established by RNP and LEAD administration, best practices published in existing research or by other relevant stakeholders, and the utilization of technical support of the LEAD national support bureau. The report will also provide further recommendations for additional research and analysis that may be needed.

The implementation assessment can be found here.

Additional reports are due on June 30, 2028, June 30, 2033, and June 30, 2038.

WSIPP will update and expand its previous analyses of recidivism trends. Earlier reports, covering the period from 1995 to 2014, examined four justice-involved populations: adults convicted of a crime, adults released from prison, youth convicted of a crime, and youth released from Juvenile Rehabilitation (JR) facilities. These reports found a general decline in recidivism across all groups, though the extent of the decline varied by type of recidivism, initial offense, and demographic characteristics, indicating differences across sub-populations. The upcoming update will introduce additional measures of recidivism to provide a more comprehensive understanding of justice system interactions, align methodologies with national best practices to support broader comparisons and improve data automation to enable more frequent and cost-effective reporting.

The study will be published by September 30, 2026.

The 2026 Washington State Legislature directed WSIPP to study the distribution and use of funds from the Community Reinvestment Account and to assess the regional impacts of this investment. The Community Reinvestment Program was established to address racial, economic, and social disparities resulting from historical policies and practices associated with the “war on drugs.” Since its creation in 2022, the program has received $250 million in legislative appropriations to support economic development, civil and criminal legal assistance, community-based violence prevention and intervention, and reentry services for formerly incarcerated individuals.

WSIPP will examine, to the extent practicable, how the Department of Commerce distributed Community Reinvestment Account funds, how recipient organizations used those funds, and the regional im-pacts of the investments. The regional impact analysis will include economic modeling to estimate the effects of program spending in communities across Washington. As part of the study, WSIPP may conduct fact-finding and stakeholder discussions with the Department of Commerce, the Office of Equity, organizations that received funding, and organizations that were eligible for funding but did not receive awards. WSIPP will submit its findings to the appropriate committees of the Washington State Legislature.

The report will be published by June 30, 2027.

The 2026 Washington State Legislature directed WSIPP to conduct a comprehensive review of Washington’s universal communications service programs and evaluate options for improving affordable access to internet service and devices. The study will examine current program funding, eligibility, and administration and assess how these programs serve low-income households and populations that may face barriers to connectivity across urban and rural communities.

WSIPP will also identify and evaluate potential funding models for a sustainable affordable connectivity program designed to make internet access and devices more affordable. This work will include a cost-benefit analysis of alternative funding approaches and an assessment of their potential to support the State Digital Equity Plan’s goals related to affordability, access, and long-term sustainability. Findings will provide policymakers with information about the effectiveness of current programs and the tradeoffs associated with future policy options.

The report will be published by June 30, 2027.

WSIPP is partnering with the Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner to evaluate the monetary benefits and costs of selected obesity treatments. Using a meta-analytic approach, WSIPP will assess the effectiveness of interventions such as bariatric surgery, FDA-approved weight-loss medications (GLP-1s), and behavioral or lifestyle programs. The analysis will translate impacts on outcomes like obesity, weight loss, and diabetes into monetary terms using WSIPP’s benefit–cost model, providing policymakers with clear, evidence-based insights.

The project will be completed in September 2026.

The 2021 Washington State Legislature directed WSIPP to evaluate the Guided Pathways Model. Guided Pathways is a community and technical college reform that aims to improve student experience and outcomes through changes to academic program structure, advising, instruction, and progress monitoring.

WSIPP’s preliminary report will review the implementation of the Guided Pathways Model in Washington and any available evidence of the effectiveness of the Guided Pathways Model. If possible, this report will also evaluate the effect of the Guided Pathways Model on early student outcomes, including, but not limited to, student retention and persistence, college-level English and math within the first year, graduation and transfer rates. The preliminary report can be found here.

A final report will evaluate the effect of Guided Pathways on longer-term student outcomes including, but not limited to, degree completion, time to degree, transfer to four-year institutions, employment, and earnings, to the extent possible. The final report is due in December 2029.

The 2026 Washington State Legislature directed WSIPP to examine state policies and programs that have increased the rate of students enrolling in postsecondary education within one year of high school graduation. The study will review efforts implemented over the last 15 years in Washington and other peer states, including initiatives intended to increase enrollment in two- and four-year de-gree programs, career and technical education programs, certificate and credential pathways, and apprenticeships.

WSIPP will review statewide college-going strategies and targeted workforce initiatives designed to address credential and workforce shortages. The study will identify outcomes associated with these efforts, lessons learned during implementation, and the potential scalability of successful approaches. Findings will provide policymakers with information about strategies that may increase postsecondary enrollment and support Washington’s workforce and educational goals.

The report will be published by December 1, 2027.

This project aims to provide policymakers with information about the implementation, costs, and funding of 1:1 learning device policies and programs in Washington’s K–12 schools. As technology has become an increasingly important component of teaching and learning, districts and schools have adopted a variety of approaches to providing students with access to devices such as laptops and tablets. This study will examine how these programs are currently implemented across the state and how districts are funding and sustaining them.

WSIPP will analyze existing district-level survey data to examine policies and practices related to 1:1 learning devices. In addition, WSIPP will develop and administer a school-level survey to gather information about program implementation, technology practices, and school-level policies. The study will also include a review of relevant policies and funding approaches and will involve extensive stakeholder engagement with the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) and school districts. Findings from this project will provide policymakers with a clearer understanding of current practices, costs, and funding models associated with 1:1 learning device programs in Washington schools.

The report will be published by June 30, 2027.

There is ongoing interest in addressing chronic absenteeism in Washington schools and identifying effective strategies to improve student attendance. This project will investigate which attendance interventions are effective in reducing chronic absenteeism among K–12 students , whether certain approaches work better for specific student populations or grade levels, and whether the benefits of implementing certain interventions outweigh their costs. It will also examine if school-level characteristics like grade-level, income status, mental health indicators, and school climate influence school-wide absenteeism rates.

The study will be published in August 2026.